Introduction
AdipoRedTM is used to localize and quantify intracellular lipid droplets.
Organ Model: Liver
Live Staining of Lipid Droplets Using AdipoRed
Live Staining of Functional Mitochondria Using TMRM
Introduction
How to perform live staining with tetramethylrhodamine, methyl ester (TMRM), a cell-permeant dye that accumulates in healthy mitochondria with intact membrane potentials.
Live Staining of CDFDA Uptake into Bile Canaliculi
Introduction
Carboxy-DCFDA (5-(and-6)-Carboxy-2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein Diacetate) is a reagent that passively diffuses into cells. It is colorless / nonfluorescdent and is cleaved by intracellular esterases to yield a fluoresecent fluirophore, 5-(and-6)-carboxy-2′,7′ –dichlorofluorescein (CDFDA). This reagent can be used to visualize the formation of bile canaliculi in polarized hepatocytes which is indicative of MRP-2 trasnporter activity. Carboxy-DCFDA is a substrate of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), a hepatocyte efflux transporter, thus it can be used to visualize MRP2-mediated canalicular uptake and efflux, as well as to label the bile canaliculi structures.
Live Staining of Caspase-3/7
Introduction
CellEvent™ Caspase-3/7 Green Detection Reagent is a fluorogenic probe for detecting activated caspase-3/7 in apoptotic cells.
Live Staining of Cells
Introduction
Goal: Stain live cells in Emulate Organ-Chips.
Immunofluorescence Staining of Vimentin
Introduction
Goal: Visualize vimentin via fluorescent imaging in fixed Emulate Organ-Chips.
Immunofluorescence Staining of Stabilin-1
Introduction
This gene encodes a large, transmembrane receptor protein and is primarily expressed on sinusoidal endothelial cells of liver, spleen, and lymph node. The receptor has been shown to endocytose ligands such as low density lipoprotein, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and advanced glycosylation end products.
Immunofluorescence Staining of Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein (MRP-2)
Introduction
Goal: Visualize expression of multidrug resistanceassociated protein (MRP-2) in fixed Emulate Organ-Chips.
Immunofluorescence Staining of F-actin
Introduction
Goal: Visualize F-actin via fluorescent imaging in Emulate Organ-Chips.
Immunofluorescence Staining of CD68
Introduction
Goal: Visualize CD68, a Kupffer cell marker, in fixed Emulate Organ-Chips.