Organ Model: Female Reproductive Tract (Vagina, Cervix, Endometrium, Placenta)
Application: Infectious disease, immunology & inflammation, and maternal–fetal interface dynamics
Highlights
This review examines how Organ-on-a-Chip models of the vagina, cervix, endometrium, and placenta can recreate the distinct biological barriers of the female reproductive tract more accurately than conventional cell cultures or animal models. It highlights applications including studies of host–microbiome interactions, hormonal responses, infection, placental transfer, and the transport and safety of drugs, nanoparticles, and biologics. The authors note that placenta-on-chip systems currently offer the most advanced quantitative drug-transport capabilities, while lower reproductive tract models still require greater standardization and validation. Future progress will depend on incorporating immune cells, vascular networks, patient-derived tissues, and interconnected multi-organ systems to improve preclinical drug testing and support personalized approaches in women’s health.
